Support Vector Machine ( Svm ) - 767 Words

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is primarily a classier method that performs classification tasks by constructing hyperplanes in a multidimensional space that separates cases of different class labels. SVM supports both regression and classification tasks and can handle multiple continuous and categorical variables. For categorical variables a dummy variable is created with case values as either 0 or 1. Thus, a categorical dependent variable consisting of three levels, say (A, B, C), is represented by a set of three dummy variables: A:{1 0 0}, B: {0 1 0}, c:{0 0 1} To construct an optimal hyperplane, SVM employs an iterative training algorithm, which is used to minimize an error function. According to the form of the error function, SVM models can be classified into four distinct groups: †¢ Classification SVM Type 1 (also known as C-SVM classification) †¢ Classification SVM Type 2 (also known as nu-SVM classification) †¢ Regression SVM Type 1 (also known as epsilon-SVM regression) †¢ Regression SVM Type 2 (also known as nu-SVM regression) C. Dataset The dataset for ECG signals are obtained from MIT-BIH pyhsionet database. There were two databeses present in the website, one was Normal Sinus Rhythm database(NSR), and other was sudden cardiac death(SCD) database. In this database it had one hour of each pateints ECG record, where 30 minutes were prior to cardiac arrest. Every 5 minutes of ECG srignal were used to record HRV, and thus keeping a window size of 10 minutes, HRV valuesShow MoreRelatedThe Support Vector Machine ( Svm )1426 Words   |  6 Pages2.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) The support vector machines are supervised learning models, derived from statistical learning theory (Vapnik 1995) that analyze data and recognize pattern. SVM effectively perform non-linear classification by using kernel functions, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional spaces. This makes it a suitable tool in predicting the compressive strength of concrete which is non-linearly related to its mix ingredients. In the SVM model, the training data isRead MoreSupport Vector Machines On Distributed Computers1452 Words   |  6 Pages PSVM: Parallelizing Support Vector Machines on Distributed Computers Edward Y. Changâˆâ€", Kaihua Zhu, Hao Wang, Hongjie Bai, Jian Li, Zhihuan Qiu, Hang Cui Google Research, Beijing, China Abstract Support Vector Machines (SVMs) suffer from a widely recognized scalability problem in both memory use and computational time. To improve scalability, we have developed a parallel SVM algorithm (PSVM), which reduces memory use through performing a row-based, approximate matrix factorization, and which loadsRead MoreParallel Support Vector Machines Is A Supervised Machine Learning Alogrithom Used For Classification1158 Words   |  5 Pages Parallel Support Vector Machine Junfeng Wu Junming Chen May 6, 2016 1 INTRODUCTION Support vector machines is a supervised machine learning alogrithom used for classification. The problem could be written : minimize 1 |w |2 2 yi((w,xi)+b)−1≠¥0 where w is a linear combination of the training data: n w = ÃŽ ±i k(xi ) i=1 this could be further written in a dual form[5]: min 1ÃŽ ±TQÃŽ ±Ã¢Ë†â€™eTÃŽ ± ÃŽ ±2 0≠¤ÃŽ ±i ≠¤C, yTÃŽ ±=0, ∀i ≠¤n where Q is the kernel matrix. This dual form is a quadratic programming problem with linearRead MoreMulti Features Advanced Support Vector Machine Method For Classification Of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data3852 Words   |  16 PagesMulti-feature advanced support vector machine method for classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data Purnima Arora1, Dr.Paras Chawla2, Gaurav Malik3 1,2,3Electronics Communication Engineering, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering Technology, Radaur, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India-135133, E-mail: 1purnima5142@jmit.ac.in; paraschawla@jmit.ac.in2; 3gauravmalikece@gmail.com Abstract— Support Vector Machine (SVM) is regarded as a good alternative of the traditionalRead MoreWhen Popularity Of Machine Learning Models Increased, A Number Of Automated Trading Systems1154 Words   |  5 PagesWhen popularity of machine learning models increased, a number of automated trading systems were build around these models. But rst, let s take a look at the history of machine learning models in the eld of nancial predictions. At rst, White (1988) applied articial neural networks (ANN) to reveal nonlinear regularities in the IBM stock price movements. Subsequently, Kamijo and Tanigawa (1990) used a recurrent neural network for the recognition of price patterns in the Japanese market. ChengRead MoreA Hybrid Theory Of Power Theft Detection1067 Words   |  5 Pageselectricity companies. Since electricity theft directly affect the profit made by electricity companies, detection and prevention of electricity theft is necessary. In this paper we are proposing a hybrid approach to detect the electricity theft. We will use SVM and ELM for our approach. Introduction:- As we know electricity theft is a major problem for all electricity companies. This problem is not related to Indian companies only; other country’s electricity companies also face this problem. ElectricityRead MoreAn Approach For Gender Classification2480 Words   |  10 Pagespaper, an approach for gender classification is carried out combining frontal face images, Haar cascades, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machines. The comparison of the existing methods that delves into the effects of Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) for Face Detection and the use of Support Vector Machines(SVM) for Gender Classification. A database of 2-D facial images was used, consisting of individual as well as group photographs. These images wereRead MoreThe Effects Of Neurodegenerative Diseases On Central Nervous System Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesand attempts an approach for classification of brain images to search for pathology and normal ity part of brain by extracting salient features of input brain image and the region of interest is identified using kernel k-means algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM) a supervised learning process is used for classification of AD, which is recognized on basis of blue color is normal brain part and red color is pathology related. I. INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases affect central nervous systemRead MoreOptimization Technique For Feature Selection And Classification Using Support Vector Machine2540 Words   |  11 PagesOptimization Technique for Feature Selection and Classification Using Support Vector Machine Abstract— Classification problems often have a large number of features in the data sets, but only some of them are useful for classification. Data Mining Performance gets reduced by Irrelevant and redundant features. Feature selection aims to choose a small number of relevant features to achieve similar or even better classification performance than using all features. It has two main objectivesRead MoreLanguage Identification of Individual Words with Joint Sequence Models1042 Words   |  4 Pagesapplying Joint Sequence Models to the T-LID task. We obtain competitive results on a real-world 4-language task: for our best JSM system, an F1 value of 97.2% is obtained, compared to a F1 value of 95.2% obtained with a state-of-the-art Support Vector Machine (SVM). Words, phrases and names are often used across language boundaries in multilingual settings. Especially for minority languages, such {\it code-switching} with a dominant language can become an intrinsic part of the language itself~\cite{modipaimplications}

Repeal The Second Amendment Essay - 844 Words

Repeal the Second Amendment You can t move past it. You can t sweep it under the rug, expresses a surviving Sandy Hook School teacher. We have to honor the horror by paying tribute to what happened, what people went through and what it was like for everyone (Blickley, 2016). The brutal murder of twenty beautiful children and seven brave adults at Sandy Hook elementary school was a tragic event that shook, not only, Newtown, Connecticut, but the whole nation to its very core. However, this grievous crisis was not the first of its kind; since 1999, there have been over 130 shootings at schools. Moreover, the last thirty years, there have been an additional sixty-two mass shootings (each leaving at least four dead). This leaves no room to question the necessity for gun rights reform (as cited in Stinebrickner, pg. 67 CITE). Therefore, America published an editorial titled Repeal the Second Amendment. The primary purpose of this article is to call for an examination of the implications, advantages, and (potential) consequences associated with the second amendment. Based off of increased mass shootings, extensive research, and keen observation of how other countries have managed the gun crisis, Repeal the Second Amendement determines there ought to be increased gun restrictions. Is it, therefore, moral or prudent to retain a constitutionally guaranteed right to bear arms, when its consequences is measured in terms of body counts? Moreover, is this the kind of worldShow MoreRelatedEssay On Tax Reform1059 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, the repeal of Obamacare. Now according to report out of the news channel CNN there are at least 3 reasons to why the GOP went after the healthcare reform before the tax reform. First reason is a promise the GOP has talked about for the last couple elections, this really is simple to understand. Second they thought they were ready to handle such a big undertaking. Now this one has much common sense to the very fact that most of the republi can party had voted favorably in trying to repeal beforeRead MoreA Sociological And Humanistic Perspective1714 Words   |  7 Pages The purpose of this essay is to analyze a law, whether it be legislative, administrative, case law, or constitutional, from a sociological and humanistic perspective. A sociological perspective is defined as taking into account the social forces at play surrounding the creation of the law. A humanistic approach is based on the belief that law is a human construct, in other words law is the product of human emotions, desires, thoughts, and actions. To analyze a law from a social and humanistic perspectiveRead MoreThe Resolved Issue Of The Constitution Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesWalker ENGL-1301 Composition I October 18, 2016 The resolved issue of the Constitution. Over the duration of conducting research the overlay of the essay will be describing the major benefit of the U.S Constitution. While several issues have been unresolved by the U.S Constitution such as the issues of the Articles of Confederation. The entire focus of the essay will describe the resolved issue that have been corrected in the constitution, while also describing some of the historical events that were causedRead MoreEssay about The Second Amendment1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† - Second Amendment. Throughout history, this sentence of twenty seven words has caused an intense debate. The polemic is that some people claim that a gun control policy is unconstitutional, while others disagree and even say it is necessary in order to reduce crime. Now, what does gun control mean? If it means to analyze who is responsible eno ugh toRead MoreMidterm Essay : Donald John Trump Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesKasidy Moneer Imperial Presidents Midterm Essay Donald John Trump. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton. Two very distinct, ideologically diverse individuals. Both in the running to become the next President of the United States. The current president, Barack Obama, has served as a dramatic foil to his own predecessor George W Bush. But if elected, how will Clinton or Trump run the office? Political scientist Stephen Skowronek assesses the history and actions of the presidency in his book The PoliticsRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Gun Control1657 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the pros and cons of gun control. Some U.S. States have already adopted some of these gun control laws. I will be talking about the 2nd amendment, public safety, home safety, and do gun control laws really control guns. I hope after you have read this you will be more educated, and can pick your side of the gun control debate. So keep reading and find out more about the gun control laws that the federal and some state governments want to enforce on U.S. Citizens. FirearmsRead MorePolicy Advocacy Assignment : Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1710 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviors that put others at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS (Galletly, Lazzarini, Sanders, Pinkerton, 2014). This paper will focus on analyzing HIV-specific laws and the Repeal HIV Discrimination Act of 2015 (H.R. 1586), which looks to modernize laws concerning the criminalization of individuals living with HIV/AIDS (congress.gov). The essay will advance the argument that in dealing with people with HIV/AIDS, government laws and policies must recognize and take into account modern medical research pertainingRead MoreThe Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1357 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution established a two-part Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Colonists worried that the two parts of Congress would threaten their equal representation. James Madison answered these fears in the first of two essays explaining the intricacies of the Senate in Federalist Paper 62. Within this paper he listed four out of five key points of the Senate and explained in detail how useful this part of Congress would be, hoping to turn the doubt ing minds of the colonistsRead More Prohibition Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesalcohol. This movement was called the Noble Experiment. Although it failed to directly ban alcohol, the movement contributed by electing many reformers who would change the face of America in the early Twentieth Century. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution prohibited the use and sale of alcohol in the United States. Although it was created with good intentions, the law provided an opportunity for organized crime families to come into power. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The temperanceRead MoreThe Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pageswicked betrayal or a deliberate departure from the mass mandate; it is more likely that there are other theorems with which to explain this phenomenon. Alike to all other human groups, opinionsÂ…do not fall into blacks and whites. In Keys essay, he attempts to hypothesize that there are naturally stratified layers of activism and pacifism within group membership. It may be nature of mass groups that attachment to the positions voiced by the peak spokesmen varies with the attachment to

What happens next... free essay sample

The cave was dark and I could not see. I went outside to see if I could find mother, but she was nowhere to be found; I guess she went off somewhere without telling me. Im looking around after Just waking up and I see this creature. I dont know what to do. He comes closer, what am I supposed to do? I saw him running towards me and I started getting scared. He grabbed a stick and threw it towards me as if to warn me that he was going to hurt me.What should I do? Do I kill him? The answer never came clear to me; I Just did what I felt I had to do. I grabbed the creature and began choking him. His face turned blue and he fell to the ground, lifeless. I took a deep breath and told myself that I did what I had to do to save myself. We will write a custom essay sample on What happens next or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I looked up and saw something I never imaged. Many creatures stood before me, all looking quite shocked at what had Just happened. I thought to myself in shock at what was about to happen.The creatures stared at me and then it all Just happened. I ran towards the creatures and did my best to scare them. I started yelling and screaming; waving my arms. I began grabbing each creature Just like I had done the first, right around the neck with my hands until they were turning blue and breathless, once I knew they were dead, I threw them on the ground and moved onto the next creature. It took a while, but I finally got through every single one of them.I kook a deep breath knowing that I had accomplished a lot In such a small amount of time. I looked up by my cave and saw a very large and scary looking man. He was strong, you could tell Just by looking at him. He looked at me In horror asking me what was wrong with me. I Just told him I was trying to defend myself. You killed my creatures was all he said to me. He came over and began to fight. I was scared, but I thought I could take him. I struggled and finally fell In defeat, Beowulf, the strong and mighty had killed me.

Way of Living Essay free essay sample

I would like to live in a traditional house rather than in a modern apartment building because there are not so many buildings in Merida but most of all because: I have been living in one since I was born, because I can have a garden in a house but not in an apartment, because people living in houses are more friendly than the ones living in apartments, and because in a house I can be as noisy as I want. First of all, I have been living since little in a traditional house with my parents. It makes me feel happy and comfortable. Most of my families live in this small city, so I would like to stay near them and keep in touch by living in a traditional house. Then, most of the houses in the city have gardens and pools. I would like to build a garden full of flowers and a nice pool in the middle, which is kind of impossible in an apartment. We will write a custom essay sample on Way of Living Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can grow trees, all kinds of flowers, play with my nephew, organize a party, or even lie down to watch the stars at night. Third, I think that people that live in houses are more friendly and nice than those living in apartments. The people that live in buildings are always busy with their jobs and it always seems they are in a rush so you never get the chance to know each other well. Finally, if I live in a house I won’t have to worry about making any noise or playing y music. If you live in a building you need to be quiet because apartments are most of times very close to each other. But in the other hand, if I live in a traditional house I can play my ballet music and dance, or shout as hard as I want, or watch TV in the highest volume, and no one will bother me. To conclude, I would like to live in a traditional house because the advantages it has over living in an apartment like having your own garden or pool, I am used to live in a house rather than in an apartment, people living in houses are friendlier and I don’t have to worry about noise.

Free Essays on Mahayana

Buddhism teaches that there are three alternatives for attaining the final goal of Nirvana. Firstly there is the Arahant Ideal which is emphasised by the Sthaviravada or as it is currently known - the Theravada. This is release from the Samsara by following the teachings of an enlightened Buddha by the cultivation of Sila (Good Conduct), Samadhi (Mental cultivation or meditation) and Prajna (Trancendental Wisdom of seeing things as they really are). The Mahayana, on the other hand, emphasises the Bodhisattva Ideal of postponing one's liberation so that one may bring all sentient beings with you to that state of Nirvana by becoming a fully enlightened Buddha. The Mahayanists, perhaps, wrongly claim that the Arahant Ideal of the Theravadins is selfish because it limits the release to oneself. Arahants, although lacking the higher wisdom of a Buddha, also teach and also must transcend the idea of self and greed, so such a charge seems unjustified. The Theravadins also suggest that attaining Buddhahood is the highest ideal but it is difficult and beyond most people's capabilities. The final method of liberation is that of a Pratyeka Buddha. One who usually arises during a world period when the Buddha Dharma is extinct and attains Buddhahood through self realisation but is incapable of teaching others.... Free Essays on Mahayana Free Essays on Mahayana Buddhism teaches that there are three alternatives for attaining the final goal of Nirvana. Firstly there is the Arahant Ideal which is emphasised by the Sthaviravada or as it is currently known - the Theravada. This is release from the Samsara by following the teachings of an enlightened Buddha by the cultivation of Sila (Good Conduct), Samadhi (Mental cultivation or meditation) and Prajna (Trancendental Wisdom of seeing things as they really are). The Mahayana, on the other hand, emphasises the Bodhisattva Ideal of postponing one's liberation so that one may bring all sentient beings with you to that state of Nirvana by becoming a fully enlightened Buddha. The Mahayanists, perhaps, wrongly claim that the Arahant Ideal of the Theravadins is selfish because it limits the release to oneself. Arahants, although lacking the higher wisdom of a Buddha, also teach and also must transcend the idea of self and greed, so such a charge seems unjustified. The Theravadins also suggest that attaining Buddhahood is the highest ideal but it is difficult and beyond most people's capabilities. The final method of liberation is that of a Pratyeka Buddha. One who usually arises during a world period when the Buddha Dharma is extinct and attains Buddhahood through self realisation but is incapable of teaching others....

buy custom Types of Computer Applications essay

buy custom Types of Computer Applications essay Computer applications have transformed the world today. More than before, the internet community has access to computer applications of various types, developed to accomplish an endless list of tasks. With the increasing number of computer applications being developed, many computer users fail the distinction between the various applications published for the consumption. Nonetheless, there are many computer applications that can be classified as Open Source, Share Ware, custom, and Free Ware that have been developed today. Open Source applications are those developed not only to meet the computing needs of users, but also allow them to access their source code of the application. Mozilla Firefox is one of the computer applications that can be found under this category. Mozilla Firefox is an application developed by the Mozilla Foundation with the aim of improving internet experience for users. This application is one of the well-known internet browsers that is used bymillions of people around the world. With Mozilla Firefox, users can browse through the internet and access the program robust features such as plugin integrations. Shareware applications are owned by its developers, but provided for users for a given trial period. During the trial period, this software is not paid for, but its functions are limited. Doom is an example of an award-winning computer game developed by idSoftware. This game involves players engaging in tactical shooting levels while playing alone or as multilayer. This game was developed to meet the needs of gaming fans. Freeware is another category of application that users can have at a little cost or none at all. Text Wrangler is an excellent example of freeware that Mac users can use for text processing. The Text Wrangler is developed by Bare Bone Software for allowing computer users to manipulate text in an easy, but interactive way. Whereas the program lacks the basic formatting tools, many users love it because of it is easy to use. Custom software is applications that have been developed and owned by the developers who sell them for a fee. In the computer industry, custom software such as Oracle Reports fills a need that most of the application types do not. Oracle Report is a product of Oracle Corporation used by business firms for reporting. This software provides users with novels ways of producing reports and evaluating business trends. Certainly, the computer industry has various categories of software applications. Open software applications such as Firefox allow users to browse the internet. Share applications like Doom also enable users to use the application for some time before paying for it. Other applications such as Text Wrangler are provide for a little cost or none, and allow users to manipulate text. Custom applications also form part of software classification and allow enterprise users to generate reports in the business processes. Buy custom Types of Computer Applications essay

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Due to the expansion in the outlook of the human resource management function of the modern organization, the different perspectives on employment can improve the understanding of HRM practices in modern organizations. Discussion The different perspectives of employment relations are used by industrial relations scholars to project three different frameworks, which view and understand the relations that take place at the work place differently. The different perspectives project workplace relations differently, therefore will interpret different events like conflicts at the work place differently. The role of unions and the regulation of jobs are also projected in a different manner. The pluralist perspective The pluralist perspective views the organization as comprised of different, powerful sub-groups. The different sub-groups are believed to hold legitimate loyalties and as having their own leaders and objectives. More specifically, the perspective points out that the major sub-gr oups that influence the organization are trade unions and its management. The perspective goes ahead to project that the role of the management is less inclined towards exercising control and enforcement; this has resulted from the balancing effect of co-ordination and persuasion throughout the organization. The changing outlook of the management in the human resource management of modern organizations is documented by Armstrong (2012). The book discusses that the HRM function of the modern organization uses co-ordination and persuasion as tools for increasing the participation of employees and for the improvement of work processes coordination (Armstrong, 2012, p. 583). The shift in the outlook of the HRM function of modern shows that the change has resulted from the realization that persuasion and coordination are more effective in improving organizational performance, as compared to the traditional practices of enforcement and exercising absolute control. Through the exploration of the roles of the HRM function of the modern organization, evidence shows that the HRM practices of the function require influencing the employees for success, which could take the form of influencing their decision-making or their thinking about the organization and its goals (Armstrong, 2012, p. 583). Due to that need of persuading the employees, the HRM officers are required to have persuasion skills and excellent case presentation abilities, which enable them to project the vision of the organization into the scope of the employees. Facilitation is very important in enhancing the effectiveness of the HRM function, mainly because it increases the decision-making potential of groups and teams, which is often related to the development of ideas or solutions for organizational problems. The co-donation of organization-wide and group-based discussions is also necessary in increasing the effectiveness of the HR function (Armstrong, 2012, p. 583). This is because the process leads to the development of conclusions that are satisfactory to all members. The pluralist perspective views that trade unions should be allowed to represent employees, and where conflict

The Significance of Bacteria in the Ecology Research Paper

The Significance of Bacteria in the Ecology - Research Paper Example The cell membrane is composed of lipids (phospholipids ) such as cholesterol, proteins, and lipids or protein carbohydrates associations.The function of the cell membrane is to regulate the materials which enter and leaves the cell. In evolution, bacteria have produced nutrition for communities of living organisms through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Other significances both ecological and evolutionary includes: they are decomposers of ecosystems (they decay dead organisms to release elements needed by other living organisms), the metabolic processes of some bacteria produced the first oxygen gas in the atmosphere, they aid in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and also as ecological decomposers by cleaning environment and releasing elements needed by other organisms from dead decaying matter. In symbiosis, parasites obtain nutrients and nourishment and harm their hosts, while they get nourishment and nutrients and neither do they harm nor benefit their hosts. On the other hand, mutualists benefit their hosts. Sexual reproduction is advantageous in that it results in variation e.g offsprings of human can have traits from all the four grand parents. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, is advantageous because it results in the in production of great numbers of offsprings hence high survival chances of a given species. In mitosis process, one nucleus divides into two identical nuclei while meiosis is the process by which one nucleus with two copies of each chromosome divides into four nuclei with one copy of each chromosome.

Culture and gender issues in Education Essay Example for Free

Culture and gender issues in Education Essay One of the most basic principles of American philosophy is the belief that all people are equal. Equal, where every individual is treated fairly and with respect and that all people have equal opportunities in life. Education plays a key role in the future of every individual. For this reason, the American education system was established. The American education system bases its principles on the philosophies and beliefs of all Americans. The USA consists of many regions and states. It is therefore understandable that in every region, a different culture is practiced. However, as in everything in this world, there are good sides and bad sides to the system. Numerous issues have risen throughout the development of American education. The most popular issues would be those related to gender and nationality. The stereotyping of males and females has been the topic of most gender related issues regarding a student’s ability in attaining good education. This issue so far has not yet reached a conclusion. On the other hand, nationality issues are as complex as gender issues. Foreign students contribute a large sum to the nation’s budget every year. Loss of foreign enrollees therefore would mean lower budgets. Therefore, the number of foreign enrollees per year must be increased if not maintained so as to support the ever financial burdens of the country. Some universities have already taken steps to promote the enrollment of foreign students in the country. Another issue is the availability of good American education to people of all statures in life. To answer the problem, American education has developed policies and other beneficial programs for people with different statures to be able to have access to a good education. Education is important for every individual. It should therefore be taken with sufficient planning as it has great effects to one’s own future. References: Kotok, A. (2007). Foreign Students Return to U. S. Colleges †¦ That’s the Good News. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from http://www. publicdiplomacy. org/73. htm Sadker, D. Gender Equity: Still Knocking at the Classroom Door. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from http://www. american. edu/sadker/stillknocking. htm

My Wonderful Life! :: First Person Narrative Examples

A word my parents use to describe me is delightful, delightful Lollie. Just weeks after I was born a scripture stood out to my parents, Isiah 55:12, and since that time they have read it, prayed it, and repeated it to me numerous times. The verse has seemed to fit my personality, my activities, and my perceptions of life and future. Being the first born, I have always been a leader, an organizer, and a trailblazer. I enjoy being the daughter of parents who pastor a Christian church, I have had many opportunities to travel to other cities, states, and countries for a variety of reasons. I have also had the opportunity to be a teacher to small children, a youth leader to high school students; to help others in need; to meet new people regularly; and to befriend people who are lonely. One of my most meaningful activities that I organized and led twice was the "30 hour famine" in conjunction with World Vision, International. Our group of fifteen plus kids (and adults) solicited dollar pl edges for the hours we would go without food to help raise funds for other nations troubled by famines. For 30 hours we stayed together as a group talking, reading, praying, playing, sleeping... and drinking only water. One year when I participated, we served at a homeless soup kitchen in Salinas during the remaining three hours of our fast which was a real stretch for us seeing the food right in front of us and not eating it. This really helped us identify with hunger and see how the money we raised was being used. Both years we raised over $500 for World Vision. Along with staying active in my church, cheerleading had played a major role in my life for many years. My rookie year I cheered for my brother's traveling team where the crowds were often in the hundreds. I took this experience into my three years of jr. high and four years of high school. For those seven years I have served as captain of my squad five times. From first hand experience and injuries, I can confidently say I consider cheerleading a sport! Twice I have been selected as an All Star and Five-Star cheerleader at summer camps for meeting skill requirements, leadership, and expertise. This was a great honor and showed me that hard work pays off while developing an excellent attitude. My Wonderful Life! :: First Person Narrative Examples A word my parents use to describe me is delightful, delightful Lollie. Just weeks after I was born a scripture stood out to my parents, Isiah 55:12, and since that time they have read it, prayed it, and repeated it to me numerous times. The verse has seemed to fit my personality, my activities, and my perceptions of life and future. Being the first born, I have always been a leader, an organizer, and a trailblazer. I enjoy being the daughter of parents who pastor a Christian church, I have had many opportunities to travel to other cities, states, and countries for a variety of reasons. I have also had the opportunity to be a teacher to small children, a youth leader to high school students; to help others in need; to meet new people regularly; and to befriend people who are lonely. One of my most meaningful activities that I organized and led twice was the "30 hour famine" in conjunction with World Vision, International. Our group of fifteen plus kids (and adults) solicited dollar pl edges for the hours we would go without food to help raise funds for other nations troubled by famines. For 30 hours we stayed together as a group talking, reading, praying, playing, sleeping... and drinking only water. One year when I participated, we served at a homeless soup kitchen in Salinas during the remaining three hours of our fast which was a real stretch for us seeing the food right in front of us and not eating it. This really helped us identify with hunger and see how the money we raised was being used. Both years we raised over $500 for World Vision. Along with staying active in my church, cheerleading had played a major role in my life for many years. My rookie year I cheered for my brother's traveling team where the crowds were often in the hundreds. I took this experience into my three years of jr. high and four years of high school. For those seven years I have served as captain of my squad five times. From first hand experience and injuries, I can confidently say I consider cheerleading a sport! Twice I have been selected as an All Star and Five-Star cheerleader at summer camps for meeting skill requirements, leadership, and expertise. This was a great honor and showed me that hard work pays off while developing an excellent attitude.

Outsourcing at Any Cost Essay

Galaxywire. net decided to choose its central location in Green Fork, because the city development officials offered a 300,000 low-interest loan for employee training, promise 50 percent tax abatement for the first 10 years and construct a new 2. 3 million dollar secondary building for day care and executive suites. Galaxywire. net can help the city solve high unemployment rate, because they planned to hire 3000 employees. CEO promised they will stay and treat their employees as a family to deal with increasing distrustful of large corporations in local. Few years later, the outsourcing trend becomes popular in the United States of America, especially, most of Galaxywire’s competitors were already outsourcing. Therefore, top management started to consider moving to India in order to save at least 10 million a year. Galaxywire. net let its employees know immediately of its intention to close the home office. It provided severance packages of a month’s full pay and extended health insurance coverage for five months. But none of the top executives would be laid off and still get paid high compensations. At that time, the unemployment rate is still at 10 percent, so the city tried to find solution to make Galaxywire. net stay and still recoup most of the money it hoped to save by moving. The city does not want to lose its largest employers, so they proposed a deal that would save 7 million dollar in the first year, 8 million dollar the second, 9 million dollar yearly thereafter and extended the 60 percent tax abatement for another decade. Also, the employees agreed to a 15 percent pay cut. However, the company was not interested in the first offer and still would not stay. So the employees agreed to another 5 percent pay cut and other concessions. In addition, the city increased the tax reduction by another 5 percent. The second offer totally helps the company save 10 million dollar in the first year, 11 million dollar the next and 12 million dollar year thereafter. The second offer is very attractive, and how should the Galaxywire. net make a decision? From my own perspective, the ethical issue in this case is that Galaxywire. et is confronting the moral challenge, they are in moral dilemma, because their profit against needs of employees and the city government. If they choose to stay, it proves they fulfill the commitment. But if they choose to move to India, it proves they break the promise and dishonest. There are two solutions for Galaxywire. net to make decision. First, I suggest that Galaxywire. net should choose to stay in Green Fork and accept the first offer. The first solution has many benefits for Galaxywire. et, the reasons as follow: first, if the company chooses to stay in Green Fork and fulfill the commitment, it would increase employee loyalty and enhance the relationship with local government. Second, it is hard to measure the Indian employees will be qualified for their positions. But there are many skilled and dedicated employees in Green Fork. It is not necessary to take risk to move abroad. Third, the company should choose the first offer instead the second offer, because the second offer will bring the greater burden on local government’s budget and the employees will become inactive due to lower salaries. If the company chooses the first offer, the employees and local government will feel grateful to the company because it proves that company still care about the interests of employees and local government. According to the Libertarian theory, the company did not sacrifice individual interests and rights to satisfy the company’s interest right and interests, we can say what the company did is just and moral. Although the company sacrificed some interests, they guaranteed the employees and local government’s interests. The goodwill of Galaxywire. et will be better and better due to choosing the first solution. Second, I suggest that Galaxywire. net should move to India and give up both the first and the second offer. Also, the company should provide the employees who will be laid off a chance to purchase original issue stock as compensation. There are many benefits if the Galaxywire. net chooses the second solution, the reasons as follow: first, the company can reduce the cost and save around 10 million dollar a year, because salaries expense is largest expenditure of each company. Although the second offer can help the company saving more, the local government may not be able to afford it in few years later, because the local government’s budget is limited, and it is unfair if too much budget goes to Galaxywire. net. The local government can have more budget to support other developing or small companies in local, if the scale of the companies become bigger and bigger, the high unemployment rate problem can be solved in the long run, because larger companies need more qualified employees. Expending too much budget to keep a largest company is not a wise choice. Also, the government can set up funding to training local people to be qualified employees. Second, issuing original stock as compensation is a good way to solve breaking the promise. The employees can reap benefits from this decision, because they will earn more income per year and feel thankful to the company, and it proves that the company does not put them away; the employees still can rely on company to make money. The employees who will be laid off are used to work at the largest company, and it can prove they are qualified to their position, so it is not hard to find a new job in local or Chicago. Also, the qualified employees can help the local developing or small companies develop faster. The unemployment rate seems not to be worsening if the company moves to India. In addition, the company will have more money to invest in more profitable projects in order to make more profit. When the company gains more and more revenue, they can pay dividends to their stockholders. The second solution relieves the burden of governmental budgeting, makes employees have more income, and help the company reduce the cost. From the view of Utilitarian theory, the company, the government and the employees reap great benefits of the second solution, and it means the greatest good for the greatest number. Therefore, the second solution can be just and moral theoretically. As far as I am concerned, the second solution is more appealing than the first solution. The reason is that the second solution can distribute benefits to every member. Galaxywire. net can reduce the cost and save 10 million dollar, holding stock can help employees who will be laid off earn considerable returns, and local government will not expend more and more to keep the company stay anymore instead giving money to someone who needs it. It seems that the company move to India unequal and against the moral obligation, but according to Rawls, it is moral and just, because unequal distribution of power, opportunities, income or wealth is not just unless everyone benefits. Also, according to Utilitarian theory, everyone will happy due to the benefits he or she received, so the second solution can achieve the good consequence. In addition, the second solution helps limiting the role of government to guarantee the individual1rights. If the company accepts one of two offers, more and more resources will move to the company, it would make other companies cannot have right to achieve these resources. The government plays an important role of social resources distribution. Therefore, the second solution is moral and just in Libertarian theory. The first solution is good but not the best, so it should be rejected, because the Galaxywire. net still does not receive the ideal cost reduction. Also, the local government still needs to expend more to keep company stay, and other companies will receive less support. In addition, the employees will earn less than before, it will make them inactive. Although it is moral and just in Libertarian theory, the company sacrifice own interest to other members’ interests, it cannot lead to a good consequence, because the benefits cannot make each member satisfied. Therefore, the first solution is not perfect due to the view of Utilitarian theory.

Conceptualizing in Business Essay

A solid strategic analysis is beneficial to shareholders, employees, customers, and decisions makers within a company. The core of an effective strategic plan contains a well-thought and informative mission statement. Using the brand of Mexican Food Express as a benchmark, a mission statement has been developed to differentiate the company’s products from the competition. In addition, the vision statement as plays an important role in communicating the ultimate goal of the company’s strategic decisions. A driving force behind the mission and vision is the company’s values and ethical principles, which often dictate the choices made during strategic planning. When it is fully implemented, the strategic plan will allow Mexican Food Express to gain a strategic advantage over its established competitors. Mission Statement By delivering uniquely flavored Mexican style food at budget prices, Mexican Food Express seeks to establish an international presence over the next 5 years. The current international fast food markets in Asia, South America, and Africa are dominated by American style fast food with leaves considerable opportunity for competing styles of cuisine. Mexican Food Express will use an aggressive marketing plan and develop a supply chain network that will enable rapid growth in overseas markets. Newly established restaurants will be able to supply local communities with quality meals at competitive prices while simultaneously creating value for shareholders. Vision Statement Mexican Food Express will grow into the largest fast food provider of Mexican style cuisine in emerging markets. The brand will have an established presence in Asia, South America, and Africa with restaurant locations being found within the top 25 major cities on these continents. By saturating the world’s most populous metropolitan cities, Mexican Food Express will be the most recognizable Mexican food brand in the world. Guiding Principles, Values, and Culture Mexican Food Express has several important ethical principles that influence major decisions in the strategic planning process. First, the company is concern about making quality food available to the lowest income groups. Therefor, it is important to keep a wide selection of low cost food products available on the menu. This becomes an especially important consideration as we expand in markets that experience high levels of poverty. Second, the company is committed to delivering exceptional customer service to its patrons. Customer loyalty is a driving factor towards the long-term success of the brand. Failing to deliver exceptional customer service could seriously hinder the ability to grow into new markets. In order for employees to express Mexican Food Express’s guiding principles, it is essential to create a corporate culture that that reflects these principles. Providing ample opportunity for advancement within management hierarchy and the ability to participate in supplemental training will keep employee motivation high. As a result, employees will be eager to follow the ethical values set forth in the strategic plan. It is likely that the company will need to make slight modifications to organization culture to meet the preferences of various world cultures. Impact on Strategic Direction The mission, vision, and values of Mexican Food Express serve as the foundation for strategic decision making while the company gears up for expansion. When an unexpected variable causes a change in direction, the company will continue to use its mission as a guide for future choices. The primary mission is always to maximize shareholder profits, but the values determine the approach thee company will take to achieve this goal. Overall, this will help the company build a corporate culture in these new markets that gains the respect of the locals. If the company is considered to be helping the local community, the chances of creating an effective strategic plan are highly unlikely. Addressing Customer Needs Expanding into emerging markets presents a unique challenge to address  customer’s needs. Every country exhibits its own unique culture and it is essential to pander to the preferences of each individual culture. A system that works in the United States is not likely to see the same level of success in Bangladesh, unless serious modifications are made to the business model. To overcome this challenge, the company will conduct independent research and use paid consultants to determine how to tailor the brand’s image for success in vastly different cultures. As time progresses, the company will be able to assess strengths and weaknesses by testing different models in each regional area. Gaining insightful knowledge about each country’s cultural preferences will allow the company to attain a competitive advantage. References Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control(11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2006). Strategy: Winning in the marketplace: Core concepts, analytical tools, cases (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Essay Writing Examples

Essay Writing Examples Essay Writing Examples Essay Writing Examples Here is a basic essay model that you can base your essay on. One of the possible essay writing examples could be on the topic-Dogs as Mans best friend The introduction of such an essay can start by stating that while it is commonly believed that a dog is mans best friend-this is not to say that cats or even squirrels cant make friendly pets. This can lead to your thesis statement in which you agree or disagree with the topic. Notice how some really good essay writing examples that you read always begin with an interesting or captivating sentence or a quote to draw in the attention of the reader-notice how these essay writing examples then lead into thesis statements like Even though many people swear that a dog is mans best friend there have been cases of people taming and living with baby lions that are nearly as affectionate as a dog. The next few sentences can validate this sentence by describing the actual experience of people that have tamed and kept baby lions as pets. Baby lions love to play and snuggle up for a cuddle. Notice how good essay writing examples never make a claim without validating it in the next sentence. This is done by validating what has been said with some solid evidence and examples since these will add credibility to your essay: Contrary to what people believe baby lions can be trained and are every bit as affectionate and loving as dogs. It is really difficult to resist a baby lion when it looks at you with beguiling eyes and wants you to tickle it under the chin Basically, an essay must consist of less fluff and more substance. Never say anything without backing up what you say with solid examples or by quoting from a knowledgeable source. It is always a good idea to highlight a point each per paragraph and to elaborate on this point in a couple of sentences. The opening line of the next paragraph must use a transition word or phrase to maintain a logical flow. Good essay writing examplesshould end with a concluding paragraph that wraps up any loose ends and reinforces your thesis statement by reiterating the main points of your essay. So we find that due to reasons x, y and z it makes sense to say that with the right bonding and affectionate ties even a baby lion can be mans best friend. Read also: How to Write a Thesis History Thesis Hamlet Thesis Dissertation Topics Dissertation Subjects

Teaching Personal Space to Children With Disabilities

Teaching Personal Space to Children With Disabilities   Children with disabilities, especially children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, have difficulty understanding and appropriately using personal space.  Its importance is significant since many of these young people when they reach adolescence, become particularly vulnerable to assault or predation because they are unaware of the social and emotional boundaries that are important in the general public.   Deep Pressure Some Children with ASD are what we call deep pressure, and they seek as much sensory input as they can get.  They will throw their arms around not only significant adults in their lives but sometimes to complete strangers.  I worked 5 years ago as a volunteer at a camp at Torino Ranch, maintained by the Torino Foundation.  Ã‚  When my camper came off the bus he threw his arms around me (we had never met,) and I ticked off deep pressure kid, which led to four days of success.  I used that sensory need to keep him calm and appropriate.  Still, these students need to learn appropriate interaction.   The Science of Personal Space Proximics, or the science of personal space, explores how we as humans and as social and ethnic groups use the space around us.  Research has found that in a typical person the amygdala responds negatively to the invasion of personal space.  Research has not been definitive on the effect of population density on the size of personal space, as reported by anthropologists, but this writer has experienced it.  In Paris, in 1985, I attended a concert at the Place de Concord.  There were somewhere in the range of 50 to 60 thousand people there.  Someone started to push at the outside (Word was out that they were thugs [clouchards].)  Amazingly, after several minutes of chanting Assis! Assis! (sit down) we sat down.  Probably a couple of thousand people.  I looked at an American Friend and said: In America, we would have had a fist fight. This, of course, is why its important for special education students to understand personal space.  Students with autism may resist everyone entering their personal space, but all too often their amygdala is not firing when someone comes into their space, and we know they cant understand another persons desire for personal space.   There are three things needed to help them learn this: A metaphor that can help them understand personal space.Modeling to show how we use personal space andExplicit instruction in the use of personal space.   The Metaphor: The Magic Bubble Typical children and typical human beings are able to write their own meta-narrative, the story of their life.  Face it, when a woman gets married she often has a lifetime of plans dancing in her head about the perfect wedding (or her mothers dream.)  Children with disabilities, especially children with autism spectrum disorders, are unable to write those meta-narratives.  That is why Social Stories (TM) or Social Narratives (my name) are so powerful.  They use visual images, a story and often the childs own name.  I will be changing the name in the original document for the children I will use it with. I created the social narrative, Jeffies Magic Bubble, to support students with autism spectrum disorders.  It uses the metaphor a magic bubble to define the invisible space around each of us that is also called personal space.  Children with disabilities love to play with bubbles, so using it as a metaphor will provide a visible understanding of what that space is like.   Modeling Once the model is established by reading the book, make a game of magic bubbles.  Have children spin and identify the edge of their bubbles (arms length is a good compromise between intimate and familiar personal space.) Practice welcoming others into their magic bubbles by putting hands out and greeting others with a handshake. Hi, Im Jeffie.  Nice to meet you.   Make a game of Magical Bubbles by giving students clickers and having others come as close as they can without stepping inside another childs personal bubble.  The student in their Magic Bubble will click when they think the other student or students enter their bubble. Explicit Instruction Read the book Jeffies Magic Bubble aloud as a group.  If students need individual instruction (so they are better at paying attention to personal space) you will want to read it to those students over and over again.   After reading each page, have students practice:  when you get to crossing arms and hands on hips, have them practice.  When you read about Jeffie saying NO!  practice saying NO!  Practice asking friends for a hug.   Be sure that you recognize students who respect each others personal space.  You might want each child to have a magic bubble chart.  Hand out stickers or stars for each time you catch them asking to enter another childs space, or asking another student politely to move outside of their personal space.

Health Care Delivery System As One of Vital Component of Public Welfar Essay

Health Care Delivery System As One of Vital Component of Public Welfare Schemes of the Government - Essay Example The needed reforms, therefore, require not only a comprehensive feedback of delivery system as a whole but a careful consideration to all the various pros and cons of the developing situations in the concerned areas of the public health care, has become the need of the hour.   The NHS1 facing multi-pronged problems needs to introduce some radical organizational changes to improve the health delivery systems. â€Å"Organizations must change because their environments change† (Bateman, 1990). They implement necessary changes in the organization to not only survive but also to improve their overall performance. But it is equally true that people tend to resist any kind of change and therefore it is important that changes are implemented in a manner that mitigates the resistance of the employees and instils confidence in them. A good leadership ensures effective communication with the employees with the shared vision of the new technology and methods of administration, thus promoting better understanding among the employees for easy changeover. The NHS, in one of its trust hospital, had tried to introduce the concept of multi-skilled working in the wards on a pilot basis. We would be analyzing the particular case study with reference to the implementation of the generic model of working. The trust hospital provides the full range of acute and midwifery services to roughly quarter of a million population. It has a strength of 2800 staff, 62% of who are part-time workers. 43% of the staff is female. The hospital is plagued with the increasingly low number of staff presence which is adversely affecting the quality of its health delivery system which resulted in a long waiting list and low quality of healthcare services. To cope up with the increasing ‘absenteeism’ and improve the quality of services which could reduce the waiting list while complying with the government initiatives, a concept of multi-skilled working was introduced. It involved about 250 people, in ward-based teams of support workers. On the pilot basis, this multi-skilled concept was launched with porters and domestic staff who were required to provide services in different areas like cleaning, transporting patients, moving types of equipment and serving food, on ‘as and when’ required basis.  Ã‚  

Do countries that vote against the US trade less with the US Essay

Do countries that vote against the US trade less with the US - Essay Example International organizations are meant to make use of democratic procedures in all their decision making since they obtain their legitimacy from the countries they govern. However, the UN appears not to base all its operations on this tenet. This is primarily based on the hypothesis that super countries such as the US use their economic, as well as political might to persuade less superior countries to favor them in their voting endeavors. Varied studies have identified links between UN voting and financial aid from national and institutional donors. One of the most vital studies found that aid from multilateral donors such as the World Bank and the IMF is determined to a significant extent by countries that make major contributions to these institutions (Oatley and Yackee 416). Therefore, in addition to influencing the flow of their own donations, rich countries such as the US also influence the flow of aid from international donor organizations. Notably, so as to enhance its buy-in of significant powers, the US incorporates in its voting strategies, among others, deviations from majority rule, for instance, through weighted voting and consensus norms in global financial powerhouses such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and at the World Trade Organization (WTO). A vast majority of international organizations are renowned for their deviations from democratic voting, for instance, through induced voting on account of adverse implications associated with going against countries such as the US. The US is known to make use of its direct, as well as indirect links, to sway voters to vote in their proposals or requirements at the UNGA. The voting strategies employed by the US at the UN are linked to bilateral international aid with global institutions such as the IMF and World Bank. This is implicit of the fact that elements such as financial aid and trade relations are used to corrupt the process of voting at the UNGA (Oatley and Yackee 417). The corrupt proc ess of indirectly buying votes entices countries such as Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iran into voting for the US rather than against it at the United Nations General Assembly. Scholars who have long examined the US Congress poise that the US uses campaign contributions, as well as other special financial endowments, to influence the voting tendencies of other countries at the UN. Economically endowed countries such as the US both purchase votes and offer financial and political assistance to friendly regimes, particularly in countries that have long experienced political strife, for instance, Syria and Iran. The foreign trade and global economic policies of the US have significantly altered trend in the course of the more than two centuries that the US has been a sovereign country. In the early years of the country’s history, the government and business environment focused intently on the development of the domestic economy regardless of the occurrences in other countries. Howeve r, since the Second World War and the 1930s Great Depression, the US has generally endeavored to coordinate the global economic system and reduce trade barriers (Oatley and Yackee 419). The US’ commitment to free trade has been rooted both in political and economic factors. For instance, the US has increasingly considered open trade as the means through which it can advance its own economic

Business Plan for Creative Practitioners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Plan for Creative Practitioners - Essay Example I will rely on a friend who has no background on film production mainly to help in carrying equipment and for moral support. The mission of the project is to create awareness on the realities of overseas education. The project will be aimed at helping me gain experience in film production. The project also is aimed at making a profit of 1000 AUD with the sale of at least 15 CDs. The project will be initiated with an initial capital of 500AUD. With the successful production of the short documentary, I hope to make strides toward making longer and more complex films which will probably draw bigger profits. Goals My project will be aimed at achieving a number of goals. The business hopes to produce and sell at least ten documentary CDs within the first month of production. Furthermore, the business hopes to make a profit of at least 1,000 AUD in profits from the first documentary production. The business also hopes to achieve an average growth rate of 10% per year in terms of sales and profits. The film industry in Australia is growing and more people need to tap and invest in it. The people need to be preoccupied with other projects that can be performed at the local level. Initiating a film production in towns like Melbourne and Canberra can be an opportunity in making a positive accrual to the film industry. For instance, the population in Melbourne has a record of high population of people attending schools. This documentary would be an opportunity to encourage on oversea learning. In addition to this, many people have not discovered their talents. With such projects, many of the people could be directed towards exploring their talents, which are not exposed. Another goal in establishing this project is to reach both old and young people in the Australian society. The Australian population could involve projects to generate improved production in the country. The film industry would record an escalating scale with an indulgence of both old and young. An eminen t advantage of the film industry is that, it does not have age brackets as a qualification (Branagan, 2012). Therefore, all people are legible to join in the production of films in Australia. Since the film production will be based in Melbourne, it will be an opportunity for the population in Melbourne to engage in participatory events. In addition to this, the initiation of the film making project in the area will be an avenue of improving the skills of the [population. The population is likely to amass quantitative experience that could be used in developing other films. Yet another goal of this project is to make an impact in the student perception. Melbourne has a large population of students that could be interested in films. This makes is a positive accrual as the students would appreciate a film that is produced in the vicinity. With a high demand for the films, the project will be a source of income (Kitchen and Proctor, 2001). This is an initial stage of making a documentar y that is 30 minutes long. The documentary will focus on overseas education and the life of students in oversea learning. Therefore, there will be a limited number of people involved in the production of the documentary to reduce the costs incurred in the initial stages. I am the sole founder of the project, working with one friend. Since this is an initial

Dynamic Earth Essay Example for Free

Dynamic Earth Essay Has the Earth been static since the beginning of time? Well, Earth hasnt been moving vigorously but it is changing at a steady rate. New geological features, rock formations, and locations of plates all rise and demolish some in a lifetime and others over a span of millions of years. Earth is dynamic; it constantly progresses and doesnt rest. Through the churns and molds, the twists and turns, Earth is active because of plate tectonics and the rock cycle. The ideas and theories that make up plate tectonics have shown Earths dynamism. The position of plates on global maps didnt always look similar to the maps shown today. 250 million years ago, there existed a super continent, Pangea, which contained all land masses on Earth. Before plate tectonics, people thought the plates were always in the same position; no one could explain how such a large mass could move. It split up some 200 million years ago but scientists recently accepted this idea of moving plates; continental drift. Even more recent was the idea of sea-floor spreading, the explanation for continental drift. These ideas merged to create what is now known as plate tectonics. In fact, it is more than likely that Earth will resemble Pangea in the future. The ideas that were brought up could easily have been within a persons lifetime. Volcanoes and earthquakes are also common because of plate tectonics. There are about 500,000 earthquakes and hundreds of minor volcanic eruptions each year caused by the frequent interaction between plates. Plate tectonics are a major piece of evidence for the changing planet. The transformations that occur through the rock cycle have also shown Earths dynamism. The rock cycle describes the dynamic transitions that the three main types of rock undergo without any definitive order. A metamorphic rock will not always stay a metamorphic rock; it can turn into a sedimentary rock through weathering and erosion then compaction and cementation or an igneous rock through melting and cooling of magma. For example, the Andes Mountains were formed by the transformations of metamorphic and sedimentary rock. It began to take its present form about 80 to 100 million years ago. Even though the process for change is prolonged, it takes place nonetheless. The rocks we see today may be different millions of years into the future. Basically, nothing is ever set in stone or rather, rock. In conclusion, Earths dynamism is shown through plate tectonics and the rock cycle. It is constantly changing despite the slow rate. The features that are visible today wont be there forever. Volcanoes that were once active will cease to erupt and continents that were once separated by water will be glued together. Beautiful rock formations will be torn down by the violent planet that is Earth. Due to the changing Earth, our understanding changes with it. Scientists constantly come up with new information to prove an idea or counter a theory. The winds of change are coming, can you feel it?

Australian Legal Case: The Mabo Case :: Papers

Australian Legal Case: The Mabo Case The Mabo case commenced in the late 70's about an Aborigine Eddie Mabo who fought for his land on Murray Island, part of the Torres Strait. The issue that started the court case was when Mr Mabo appealed for a permit from the Queensland Government to visit the island. His proposal was declineed so he was unable to return home to visit his homeland. In 1981, in James Cook University where Eddie Mabo was working at the time, the students called a discussion on land rights in Australia. It was decided at the conference that the issue of a land claim by the Murray Islanders to traditional title would be taken to the High Court. With major local party support, including legal experts with significant experience in land rights legislation they set off to claim that Mabo had the right to visit his homeland.. The aim of the case was to make the law decide that the Islanders owned the land not the Euopeans [IMAGE] The case was motioned to the High Court at first, however they had to take it to their State Court the Supreme Court of Queensland first. The Queensland Government acted in response and they passed an unexpected piece of legislation through the House without any debate - the Torres Strait Islands Coastal Islands Bill. The Act quoted: 'Any rights that Torres Strait Islanders had to land after the claim of sovereignty in 1879 is hereby extinguished without compensation'. This was how the Mabo case started with an honourable aim. The main aim of the case was to prove that the Queensland Government breached the Bill breached the Racial Discrimination Act of 1975. It was also a case to make the Commonwealth government aware that Native Australians had the right to the so called "terra nullius", the name given to Australia when the Europeans first arrived meaning empty land. The case went back to the Supreme Court of Queensland where Justice Moynihan gave a presentation of the facts of the case.

Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector Based

Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector Based in Mumbai Region Oshma Rosette Pinto Assistant Professor, Pillai Institute of Management Studies and Research, New Panvel Navi Mumbai E-mail: pinto. [email  protected] com ABSTRACT The Global financial crisis from 2005 to the present is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in the United States Banking system which resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world.In India, the global financial crisis badly impacted the Indian tourism and hotel sector that resulted in decline in the number of foreign tourists, decline of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and affected the gross domestic product of India. The study is related with the Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector based in Mumbai region, Mum bai region will include, Mumbai, Thane and Navi-Mumbai based Hospitality industries. The primary data is collected through interview method. The questionnaire is chosen as resource to collect the information.The secondary data is collected through various magazines, journals, scholarly articles, research papers and various authentic websites of various Hospitality industries. The paper attempts to analyse the impact of global recession on Hospitality sector in India especially Tourism and Hotel Industry in the country. Further the paper focuses on the challenges faced and opportunities that can be availed during and after global financial crisis. Keywords: Challenges, Opportunities, Foreign direct investment, Foreign tourist inflows, Gross domestic product.INTRODUCTION The Hotel industry is linked to the tourism industry which forms the most important support service that affects the Foreign Tourist Arrivals to any Country. In recent years many international hotel chains like Marrio tt International, Intercontinental Hotels Group are setting up hotels in India and many international tour operators are establishing operations VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ISSN 2277-1182 1 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com rom India. A rapidly growing middle class, the advent of corporate incentive travel and the multinational companies into India has boosted prospects for tourism. The turmoil in global financial markets had generated new concerns for the hospitality industry. India had a biggest drop in corporate travel spending falling to 25% in year 2009 compared to year 2008. Growth rate of the aggregate sale of hotel companies fell down to 9. 1% during Dec. 2008 quarter from growth rate of 17. 4% during Dec. 2007 quarter.There was decline in India's average annual GDP Growth from historical high of 10. 10 percent in September of 2006 and a record low of 5. 50 percent in December of 2004. The financial year 2008-20 09 was an unforgettable one for the Indian tourism and Hotel industry, with the Mumbai terror attacks and global economic down turn affecting the industries performance. The Hotel industry also, observed an overall decline in occupancy and Revenue per Available Room in most cities. The adverse impact of economic downturn on India? s tourism was far less than global tourism industry.OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is To know how the Hospitality Sector of India was affected during recession. To know the current overall industry position and how can it be developed in future. To know the steps taken by the Government of India to curb the effect of recession on Hospitality Industry through its policies. REVIEW OF LITERATURE â€Å"The financial downturn that is impacting developed economies are likely to get worse as the European countries, the US and others go into a deeper depression due to the increase in Job losses which often follows recession.The slump in the market and incr eased job losses will have some important implications for the changing tasks of human resource professionals. As the unemployment continues to increase, HR professionals are likely to be dealing with more stressed employees who are the sole wage earners in their families†. [Mujtaba, 2008} â€Å"The global economic crisis has brought to the forefront of organizations the concepts of viability and survival which at these times can be desperate pursuit.There are three main reactions in organizations, namely the corporate reactions in organizations, namely the corporate reaction to remain viable, the employee reaction to survive the turbulence, and the human resources reaction including recruiting and hiring talent, corporate organization, training and institutional learning†. [Kathleen Patterson & Gray Oster, 2008] In emerging economies, growth is projected to slow down appreciably but still may reach 5. 0 percent in the year 2009. The overall recruitments are lower for t he industry this time as companies remain cautious amidst the global financial crisis. [Srivastav, 2009] METHODOLOGY The data is collected through various sources like secondary data from various magazines, journals, scholarly articles, research papers and various authentic websites of various Hospitality industries. The primary data is gathered by using Interview Method of various VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 2 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com hospitality industries? authorities. The data will be analysed by using MS-EXCEL to find out various trends and to draw the graphs for the interpretation of data.The selected respondents will be representatives of the total population. Here the higher authorities of hospitality industries become the population. The questionnaire is chosen as resource to collect the information. Research will be conducted on clear assumptions that the respondents would give frank an d fair answers in a pragmatic way and without any bias. LIMITATIONS The study is limited to major Hospitality Industries of India and the data is limited to 7years. The major hospitality Industries includes Taj Hotel, Kamat Hotel and Leela Hotel.UTILITY The rationale of the study is that there are various factors that affect the Indian economy but the researcher through this study wants to find whether the impact of global recession has affected the Indian economy severely or gradually decreases with new initiative policies. The utility of the study is to know how are the Hospitality industries growing after global recession in terms foreign tourist arrivals, generation of foreign exchange reserves and how are they contributing to the Indian economy in terms of GDP, reduction in inflation, rising of stock markets. FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS ?To know how the Hospitality industry of India was affected during recession. Table 1. Growth of the hospitality sector before the recession Nam e of the Hospitality industries Taj hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel Growth of the hospitality sector before the recession Significantly negative Slightly negative No impact Slightly positive 4 4 Significantly positive 5 Interpretation: Before the global recession began, we can see that Taj hotel had significantly positive growth, Kamat and Leela hotel had slightly positive growth. Table 2. Effect on the operations of your company during recession.Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Operations of Hotels in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 699. 16 45. 86 123 873. 24 48. 04 154 1127. 57 56. 98 112. 34 1617. 31 124 158 1823. 16 152. 67 125 1534. 03 112. 68 133. 09 1520. 36 134. 08 145 ISSN 2277-1182 3 VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Interpretation: The operations of the hotels from 2004-2010 vary mainly due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 which s ent threat waves to the world.Most of the customers and shareholders became unemployed due to cost cutting and there was huge downfall in the financial market. ? To know the current overall industry position and how can it be developed in future. Table 3. Changes in the number of employees during the recession. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of Employees of in thousands Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 7609 4200 4500 8005 5000 6000 7500 6500 7500 6405 6700 8400 6700 7600 8600 4300 5000 5300 6500 6800 6700 Interpretation: The average number of employees during the recession in Taj Hotel is 6568, for Kamat Hotel is 5971. 429 and Leela Hotel is 6714. 86. As per the table, in the year 2009 the number employees in Taj, Kamat and Leela hotels are less compare to other years. The change in number of employees in the hospitality sector during the recession was due to sudden reduction in creation of employment; new appointees to the organisations were sent back home with adv ance 3months salary due to company policy of cutting costs and salary of many employees were reduced by 20% of their actual salary. Table 4. Taxes paid by the company during Global Recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Taxes paid by the hospitality sector in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 35. 2 4. 12 34. 33 88. 22 7. 40 33. 77 13. 35 8. 10 23. 04 12. 43 11. 03 34. 44 13. 45 67. 29 43. 35 15 31. 8 25. 89 25. 07 55. 55 30. 09 Interpretation: As per the data , the taxes paid by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 . In the year 2005 the taxes paid were very high as we had high tourists inflow from both inbound and outbound. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 4 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. bhinavjournal. com Table 5. Net profit of the company during the Recession. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201 0 Net Profit of hotels in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 60. 65 0. 70 11. 78 105. 86 6. 97 21. 35 183. 78 4. 069 105. 98 322. 39 15. 57 110. 07 580. 47 27. 40 134. 08 107. 11 5. 66 50. 78 153. 10 7. 08 154 Interpretation: As per the data , the net profit earned by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 .In the year 2008 the profit earned by most of the hotels was very high as we had high tourist? s inflow from both inbound and outbound. Table 6. Investments made by the company during the recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Taj Hotel 600. 83 607. 01 656. 57 962. 81 977. 58 1182 1169 Investments in Crores Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 0. 17 117 0. 164 124 0. 163 135 3. 98 156 15. 08 147 25. 07 126 74. 70 112 Interpretation: As per the data, investments made by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terr or attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 .In the year 2007, 2009 and 2010 the hospitality sector had to investment more on assets in order to earn more customers and to generate employment Table 7: Number of tourist passengers in India during the recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of tourist arrivals in India Including Inbound and Outbound Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 1234153 967494 550000 297538 192061 290000 1710434 1594735 1650000 828695 488491 385000 156370 289915 158000 360971 590286 490000 2129544 1371613 1470000 ISSN 2277-1182 5VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Interpretation: The number of tourist arrivals during the recession vary year wise. In the year 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2009 the number of tourists in India from both inbound and outbound are less compare to other years. This decrease was due to slow down of business in Indian and foreign Market, high a ttrition rate, unemployment, reduction in pay scale, no incentives and cost cutting.Due to these reasons tourists could not afford to travel either for business or for holidaying with family. Table 8. Effect on the remittances/ foreign currencies during global recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Remittances of foreign currencies from hospitality sector in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 245. 03 150. 22 200. 25 300. 50 225 245 315 275 215 275 300 225 345 285. 25 230 200. 02 110. 45 100. 03 445 250 300. 05 Interpretation: The remittances from foreign currencies during the recession vary year wise.In the year 2009 the number of tourists in India from other countries is less compare to other years. This decrease was due to slow down of business in Indian and foreign Market, high attrition rate, unemployment, reduction in pay scale, no incentives and cost cutting. Due to these reasons tourists could not afford to travel either for business or for holidaying with fa mily. Table 9. Affect on the Total assets of the company during Global Recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Assets in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 2371. 11 16. 3 1145 1068. 85 14. 72 1234 4336. 59 11. 78 1156 5242. 55 15. 91 2116 6848. 77 17. 78 4234 9160. 22 13. 09 2349 8646. 01 15. 90 3450 Interpretation: The total assets during 2005 are less compared to 2004. There was increase in investment of assets during 2006-2008 but there was decrease in investments of assets as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009. In the year 2009 and 2010 the hospitality sector had to investment more on assets in order to earn more customers and to generate employment.VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 6 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com ? To know the steps taken by the Government of India to curb the effect of recession on Hospi tality Industry through its policies. ? The hotels Taj, Kamat and Leela strongly agree for the importance of branding of their products during recession. 1. Importance of branding during recession 2. Policies undertaken by Government during the recession period. Looking at the slowdown in tourism sector seriously, the ministry announced Policy measure to promote tourism in the country and it declared year 2009 as Visit India year?. ? Further the Government tried to provide Complimentary services to foreign tourist, involving leading hotels, tour operators in its tourism promotion programs and stressed on providing security facilities for tourist arrivals. 3. Measures or future developments made by your company post global recession. TAJ HOTEL New Properties Opened- The Company? efforts of restoring the once resplendent Falaknuma Palace, Hyderabad eventually fructified with the grand opening of the Taj Falaknuma Palace in November 2010, with an exclusive get together of global connoi sseurs of luxury who came together in Hyderabad for this occasion. Expansion in Domestic and International Markets- The Company ventured into new geographies by entering into management contracts in Mexico and British Virgin Islands for development of high end Luxury Resorts.The Company continued its thrust on flagging properties under the â€Å"Gateway† brand in prominent economic, commercial and industrial centres of India by signing management contracts for hotels in Chandigarh, Ludhiana and Kolhapur. It has signed management contracts in leisure destinations such as Shimla and Rishikesh for a Gateway and Vivanta by Taj resort respectively. KAMAT HOTEL Expansion of projects: B W Highway Star Private Limited which is the subsidiary of Kamat hotel has presently two operational hotels at Pune under the brand name „The Orchid? and „VITS? esides restaurants and banquet halls. Management Contracts- the Company is having management contracts for managing hotel propert ies at Aurangabad, Karwar, Udaipur, Delhi and Pune. LEELA HOTEL Expansion of projects – The opening of Gurgaon hotel and residences heralded the arrival of the Company in the Delhi National Capital Region. This property, with 322 guest rooms and suites and 90 serviced residences, is operated under the â€Å"The Leela Kempinski† brand. This contemporary designed hotel with large banquet halls and state of the art facilities has been well received by the business clientele.VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 7 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Marketing Alliances- the Company has Sales and Marketing alliances with Kempinski Hotels, Europe? s oldest Hotel Group, established in 1897, and is also a member of The Global Hotel Alliance based in Geneva, Switzerland, which is an alliance of high profile independent hotels worldwide. The Company has entered into an alliance with Preferred Hotel Group whereby all our hotels from June 2008 have become members of this luxurious collection nder their most premier segment Preferred Hotels and Resorts. This will enable our hotels to acquire greater recognition of this brand in the USA as premium and luxury hotels and would give opportunity to leverage further 29 global sales offices in the USA, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and Australia among others. This will also facilitate our relationship with four of the largest consortia – American Express, CWT, BCD and Hogg Robinson. SUGGESTIONS Need to rationalise the taxation on the hospitality industry.The hospitality sector has to adopt a single luxury tax across the country. To reduce procedural delays a provision of single-window clearances at the local, State and Central Government levels has to be formed. Tax holiday would encourage Foreign Direct Investment in this sector, more players to set up hotels and to bridge the shortage of rooms. Need to provide Capital Investment to the country – The India? s hospitality sector is expected to grow at 8. 8% between 2010-19 and India to get capital investment worth US $ 94. billion by 2019. Measures have to be taken to achieve the expected growth of Capital investment in India. Need for Economic generation to the country-The hospitality industry provides extreme opportunity to India in terms of contribution to its GDP and employment generation. The Government policies should focus at increasing tourist arrivals in the country and facilitate investments in tourism infrastructure, which will lead to significantly higher multiplier effect on the key economic parameters of the Indian economy.Need to generate Strong Sales and Marketing network- The hospitality industry lacks highly trained and motivated sales force in India excluding few hotels like Taj, Oberio and Leela. A Strong sales force always provides extensive reach and penetration in the market. Need to have Strong Food & Beverage Skills: There is a requirement o f strong Food beverage skills in Hospitality sector as it becomes a forte of any hotel or restaurant. This strengthens the hospitality sector to open number of Food and Beverage outlets, in partnership with celebrity chefs.Reduction of Geographical and economic risk. The hospitality sector has to reduce the Geographical and economic risk in order to increase its presence internationally in key gateway cities and resorts in South East Asia and other countries. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 8 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com CONCLUSION Service sector plays important role in Indian economy. Within the Service sector tourism and hospitality industry has more importance about generating employment, yielding foreign exchange.National income growth and providing base to other industries regarding tourism directly or indirectly The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8. 2% between 2011 an d 2019 placing India at the third position in the world. With its close ties to the tourism industry, the Indian hospitality sector is expected to see an estimated investment of USD 12. 17 billion during 2011, and in addition of over 20 new international hotel brands by 2011. Further capital investment in India's travel and tourism sector is expected to grow at 8. % between 2011 and 2019 while India is expected to get capital investment worth US$ 94. 5 billion in the travel and tourism sector in 2019. Foreign tourist arrivals are expected to grow to 10 million by 2012 and the domestic tourism is expected to increase by 15% to 20% by 2015 as per the Ministry of Tourism. Government of India is allowing 100% Foreign Direct Investment in Hotels and Tourism, through the automatic route. This forms as investment opportunity that helps the Indian hospitality sector to contribute Rs. 8,50,000 crores to the GDP by 2020 ( approx. 800 million USD). The Hospitality sector has to initiate a numb er of steps to further strengthen the sales and marketing network in the domestic as well as the international markets by conducting successful road shows in international fairs and. New Personal Relations agencies need to be appointed in international level to achieve step-up media visibility in foreign countries. Over the years the hospitality sector needs to build a large network of partners and associates to participate in its growth as they form an important part of the Hotel/restaurant strategy.To successfully counter the risk from growing competition and the new properties, The hotels and restaurants have to renovate and reposition all their key properties. It should improve its service levels by providing uniform and best service across all their subsidiary hotels. The hospitality sector has to aim for control its operating and financial leverage by expanding through management contracts and leveraging the strengths of their Associates. REFERENCES I. Journals and Magazines 1 . Batra G. S. , Tourism in the 21st century, (1996) Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd 2.Dirk William velde and Swapna Niar, (2005), Foreign Direct Investment, service trade negotiations and development -Federation of Hotels & Restaurants Association of India ltd, Govt. to review FDI in Tourism Sector, News and Features, New Delhi, February 13, (2007), Investment opportunities in Tourism Sector, Government of India portal Investment Commission. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ISSN 2277-1182 9 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com 3. Manpower recruitment in Hotel industry, A market plus report of Ministry of tourism, Government of India. . Meyer, D, Foreign Direct Investment in Tourism – The Development Dimension – Expert Advisory Committee (2005- 2006). Funded by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, Switzerland. 5. Usha C. V. Haley, (2001), Tourism and FDI in Vietnam, Haworth Press, pp 67-90 6. Con ference on Tourism in India – Challenges Ahead, 15-17 May 2008, IIMK 109 II. Websites 1. www. fhrai. com, 2. http://www. investmentcommission. in/tourism. html 3. http://tourismindia. com 4. www. sarkaritel. com 5. www. ar-khil. com 6. www. Ihcl. com 7. www. theleela. com VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 10 ISSN 2277-1182

Immigration Reform

Immigration and Immigration Reform Haley Johnson Axia College of University of Phoenix Thesis Statement: More and more immigrants are coming in to the United States each year, and we as a nation should truly reevaluate our immigration policies. Immigration and Immigration Reform The number of illegal immigrants who come into the United States each year is staggering, and the numbers just keep on increasing. Three million illegal immigrants come into the United States every year. (Bush 2009) This has been an increasing problem, and one that greatly affects the United States and its citizens. More and more immigrants are coming in to the United States each year, and we as a nation should truly reevaluate our immigration policies. [pic] Immigration has been responsible for religious changes, cultural change and population growth throughout the history of the United States. The political, economic, and social aspects of immigration have created much controversy in regards to religion, ethnicity, job security, job growth, economic benefits, where people live, not to mention impact on upward social growth, amount of criminal activity, moral values, and work habits. As of 2006, the United States has allowed more illegal immigrants to become permanent residents, more than any other country in the world. (Bush 2009) Some of these reforms can be clearly seen in a study performed by The Center of Immigration Studies. For example in â€Å"1995 immigration costs us a net $29 billion a year. That was more than the combined budgets of the Departments of State, Justice and Interior. ) Those costs include areas such as education, health care, and welfare programs used by immigrants. That estimate would be much higher today, because the wave of illegal immigration has continued unchecked, and legal immigrant admission has continued to grow to a historically high level. † (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) [pic] Illegal immigrants have also placed a strain on our educational system, according to the center of immigration studies (2005), a study was performed in 2004 that stated that taxpayers were spending $28. 6 billion dollars in school and school related coast â€Å"each† year. Costs Table from the October 1996 Huddle Study | |Program (amounts in billion $s) |Legal |Illegal |Total | |Public Education K-12 |$14. 38 |$5. 85 |$20. 23 | |Public Higher Education |$5. 55 |$0. 71 |$6. 26 | |ESL and Bilingual Education |$2. 82 |$1. 22 |$4. 04 | |Food Stamps |$2. 81 |$0. 85 |$3. 6 | |AFDC |$2. 71 |$0. 50 |$3. 21 | |Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |$2. 76 |n/a |$2. 76 | |Housing |$2. 37 |$0. 61 |$2. 98 | |Social Security |$21. 92 |$3. 61 |$25. 53 | |Earned Income Tax Credit |$3. 69 |$0. 68 |$4. 37 | |Medicaid |$11. 3 |$3. 12 |$14. 55 | |Medicare A and B |$5. 49 |$0. 58 |$6. 07 | |Criminal Justice and Corrections |$2. 32 |$0. 76 |$3. 08 | |Local Government |$15. 32 |$5. 00 |$20. 32 | |Other Programs |$18. 41 |$9. 25 |$27. 66 | |Total Costs |$111. 98 |$32. 74 |$144. 0 | |Less Taxes Paid |$82. 38 |$12. 59 |$94. 97 | |Net Costs of Direct Services |$29. 60 |$20. 16 |$49. 76 | |Displacement Costs |$10. 96 |$4. 28 |$15. 24 | |All Net Costs |$40. 56 |$24. 44 |$65. 00 | |Percent of Net Costs |62. 4% |37. 6% |100% | Table By (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) This and other forms of abuse on the U. S have been the topic of much controversy on how this problem should be dealt with. There has been a multitude of different opinions on, how and what we should do at the border. What we should do with immigrants who are currently living in the United States; and how all of these illegal immigrants have impacted the economy of the United States. These are a few of the reforms that former President Bush had proposed so as to slow down the number of illegal immigrants that come into the United States each year. The return and removal of illegal immigrants from the United States is one of the most widely discussed topics. Since 2007the United States Customs and Border Protection (ICE) has returned or removed over 1. 2 million illegal immigrants from the United States. ICE has expanded its Criminal Alien Program to included incarcerated criminal illegal aliens. In 2007, ICE identified 164,296 convicted criminals who were incarcerated in Federal, state and local penitentiaries (These are people who came into the United States illegally and committed a crime. These people were sent back to their native counties once there prison term was completed. There has also been an increase of fugitive teams from 15 in 2005 to 75 in 2007. These â€Å"teams† are sole responsible for removing fugitive aliens from the United States then transporting them back to there native countries. (Bush 2009) Improving border security is another important factor in the Country’s continued efforts in protec ting our borders. More than 85% of apprehended illegal immigrants are from Mexico, most are immediately returned across the border within 24 hours. But there are â€Å"non –Mexican† immigrants that are apprehended and cannot be immediately retuned, those people are given a court date to return (75 percent of those people failed to appear), this is a direct result of there simply not being enough bed space available in the detention centers. Out of 160,000 non-Mexicans last year only 30,000 were, in fact, sent home. (Bush 2009) The United States also faces other immigration challenges, like what to do with illegal immigrants once they are already â€Å"in† the country. After all most of our agricultural farming is done by illegal immigrants. Former President Bush came up with some procedures to regulate the influx of immigrants coming into the United States to perform these labor intensive jobs. By establishing these new persuaders and regulations the agricultural community will still receive the labor it needs to run effectively, thereby reducing the cost and helping our economy prosper. DHS is working on regulations to streamline H-2B Program and to allow X amount of green cards to be given to illegal immigrants and migrant workers, that way they could be more easily tracked. That way the government can collect taxes from them, which will improve our economy, while still allowing the agricultural community to still use seasonal or day laborers. (Bush 2009) Then there is also the fact of illegal immigrants who are already currently in the country. What should be done with them? Former President Bush came up with some more ideas. He had devised a revised Naturalization exam that was completed in September of 2007 and worked to get a free web-based program so immigrant can learn English. This is being completed by the Education Department) Also he had arranged for the Office of Citizenship to provide knowledgeable volunteers to assist illegal immigrants through the citizenship and naturalization process, free of charge. (Bush 2009) Even though all these measures have been put into effect so as to slowdown the amount of illegal immigrants that come in each year though our borders, there are still THREE Million people entering the United States illegally each year. Bush 2009) In 1986 Congress decided to amend the Immigration and control act of 1952. Congress felt the immigration was getting â€Å"out of control† and there needed to be a change, about thirty to fifty percent of the growth in the U. S was due to illegal immigration. So Congress felt that the best way to deal with the problem was eliminate the incentive for people to come into the country illegally, to make it harder for employers to hire illegal’s and for them to receive government benefits. But this tactic seamed futile, since then illegal immigration has just grown. [pic] So what should be done, to lessen the flow of illegal into the United States? And who should be held accountable? President Barack Obama has stated that he wants to improve our immigration System. One of the ways is by giving citizenship to illegal immigrants who have children born in the United States so to allow families to remain together. In addition President Barack Obama plans to remove all incentives for people to cross the borders. President Barack Obama plans to do that by cracking down on employers that are â€Å"knowingly† hiring illegal immigrants. He also has plans to work with Mexico so as to improve their economic growth, there by reducing the need for people to cross the borders illegally, so as to obtain jobs needed to support themselves and there families. (Obama 2009) Times are changing, our county is facing a financial crisis where we can no longer stand by and allow our countries money and recourses to be used up by illegal immigrants. We have to protect our borders; I propose that we spend less money on government â€Å"Bail of money† and we put more money and our recourses into protecting our country. In turn this will help our economic growth, by placing less of a strain on our hospitals ($250 million each year) and our education expenses ($28. 6 billion dollars annually). The government should make it a rule at â€Å"every† undocumented persons receiving these types of benefits should be sent back to their county. Let they own country of origin have to deal with these billion dollar expenses. New Jersey is considered one of the states that have the highest growth in illegal immigration. Every day there illegal’s waiting on the corners to be picked up as day labors. Why dose INS not check more frequently and pick up these â€Å"know† illegal’s? Instead INS and the local police department’s turn a blind eye. INS should make random spot checks in know immigrant communities and business so as to lessen the amount of illegal immigrants that come into the United States. Besides there being an economic drain of the United States illegal immigrants can be a â€Å"security risk† to the U. S. All of the billions of dollars that are being given out to these fortune five hundred companies should be redirected towards our countries security and financial stability. Each year more illegal immigrants come into this country taking away our jobs, not allowing our dollar to circulate within the country, there by not permitting the money to circulate through the United States, as well as placing a finical drain on our country. We as the people of this fine country need to reevaluate what we plan to do about this increasing problem. Decide what can be done and put those thoughts into action. Remember there are THREE million illegal immigrants coming into this country each year (Bush 2009) and over $28 BILLION dollars going towards illegal immigrants, education, medical expenses, and government programs. (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) References Page The White House  (2009) Website has many intrusting new policies about immigration reform. White House. (2009). Immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http://www. whitehouse. gov The Website Barack Obama (2009) lays out what Barack Obama will do once he pronounced president. Obama, B, (2009). Plan for immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http://www. barackobama. com Federation for American immigration reform (January 2009) provides statistical and legal issues regarding immigration in the U. S (2009) Immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 http://www. fairus. org/site/PageServer? pagename=research_research9605 NA. (2006, June) â€Å"Economy factors into immigration debate. †Ã‚  American City & County  121. 6  . Retrieved May 11, 2009 from General OneFile. Database Rytine, N. (2002, October) â€Å"Effects of Immigration Reform and Control Act legalization through 2001. † , â€Å"Exhibit 1-IRCA Legalization: Temporary Residence, Permanent Residence, and Naturalization through 2001,† in IRCA Legalization Effects: Lawful Permanent Residence and Naturalization through 2001, U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved May 11, 2009 Gale Virtual Reference Library Byram, J. (2004, March) â€Å"Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. †Ã‚  Major Acts of Congress. Ed. Brian K. Landsberg. Vol. 2. New York:  Macmillan Reference USA,   2004. 2  pp. 3  vols. Retrieved May 11, 2009 Gale Virtual Reference Library Immigration and Immigration Reform 11 References Page Holland, H. (2008, November)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Government contractors hiring undocumented workers: national security implications and solutions. †Ã‚  Public Contract Law Journal  36. 2  (Wntr 2007):  263(14). Retrieved May 11, 2009 from  General OneFile Database Fennelly,K. (2007, February)†U. S. immigration: a historical perspective. †National Voter 56. 2:4(4) Retrieved May 11, 2009 from General OneFile Database Immigration Reform Immigration Reform Team C – Sivi Contreras, Jenifer Navarro, Angela Hernandez BCOM/275 February 5, 2013 Gloria Flores ABSTRACT The debate over immigration has become one of the most heated arguments. Immigrants leave their home countries desperate need for food to feed their families, unemployment purposes, their poverty conditions environment, for those who are employed are tired of the below market wages, and the unequal treatment. Today they are about 11 million undocumented workers in the United States and Americans fear that because of this matter, immigrants will increase cost, overwhelm the country, and change American society.Immigration Reform Immigration statistics will prove how rapidly immigration is increasing, including the importance of the Dream Act, the Immigration reform, and its pros and cons. Systems that will help families that want to be in the United States, but in return help the economy. The purposes of the new Immigration reform are to accomplish a ne w economic picture, by creating ideas of improving our border security; workplace enforcement; to help those whom are seeking permanent residence; and new ways to improve the immigration system. StatisticsThey are about 12 to 15 million undocumented workers and families illegally in the United States and about 1,042,625 are obtaining legal permanent resident. California and Texas are the top states with the highest population of immigration. New York Times article included that this year’s cost of immigration was 13,000,000,000, including 52,000,000,000 for education, and 1,400,000 number of illegal immigrant households that use at least one welfare service. In a (2007) report the heritage foundation added that â€Å"For every $1 they contribute to Social Security, low-skilled illegal aliens withdraw $10 in total government benefits.Just looking at one federal benefits program, Social Security, is sure to lead a person to a wrong answer because there are more than 60 differe nt federal benefit programs. Their children born in the US are, or one person in the household is legal and can get benefits that help everybody in the household, or the individuals use fraudulent documents to obtain benefits. † What will charts look like in the future with this matter? Most of us that consider â€Å"green card† are a legal document allowing an immigrant to live and work in the United States.Another form for immigrants that does not require labor purposes is a Refugee. A Refugee is known as a form of protection for those whom cannot return to their original hometown because of fear of being harmed. In 2011 a total of 56,384 persons were approved to go to the United States as refugees. Part of the immigration reform is to bring a better life to any human who fears their country because of persecution of race, religion, and nationality. About 9,550 individuals who applied were approved for asylum with travel documents to enter the United States and 24,988 individuals were granted asylum.These statistics were based on 2011 reports and are rapidly increasing because of this matter we are starting to worry. The Heritage Foundation addressed that the illegal alien lobby frequently touts the statistic that illegal alien workers contribute $7 billion each year to Social Security. But it costs $14. 2 billion each year to imprison illegal aliens for other crimes they commit. It’s as if they are putting money into one of Uncle Sam’s pockets, while pilfering twice the amount from the other (2007 report). If this immigration continues to grow at this level nation's population will increase from 301 million today to 468 million.Dream Act What is Dream Act? It is the legislation that provides immigration status to undocumented immigrants who entered United States while being minors. During 2001 the original bill was called the development relief and education for alien minors act. The public engagement of the white House posted on their web 10 reasons why they needed the Dream Act. Summarizing argument's that two secretaries including other people have made for the act. The dream act will help our economy marketing easier for immigration enforcements efforts on undocumented immigrants â€Å"Who pose a threat to our country† (Zehr, 2010,).The development relief and education for aliens minors act or dream act provide a path for legalization for undocumented high school graduates who meet the requirements of completing two years of college, military service, have entered United States before the age of 16, must be between the age of 12 and 35 to complete the application, good moral character, and no criminal record. If the congress passed the dream act it would add $329 billion to U. S. economy impacting it by $181 billion creating 1. 4 million new jobs and more than $10 billion increase revenue by 2030.Many Dream Act opponents call it an immigration amnesty. They say the proposal would immediately rewar d immigrant children with conditional lawful permanent resident status – and, in just a few years, they would become U. S. Citizens. Their criticisms do not reflect how immigration agencies operate immigration reform will be addressed by the Obama administration this year. Republican senators they were ready to announce the outline of a broad immigration reform bill that would include a path to â€Å"earned legalization† for immigrants living illegally in this country.The pros of the dream act is that there are currently 13 to 20 million illegal immigrants in the United States we cannot deport them all but there is a solution The Dream Act will make a difference having a highest portion of graduates by 2020 increasing taxes and the service. Nelger Carrera is a writer of theroundupnews. com he is describing the con of Dream Act. â€Å"He thinks that President Barack Obama gain votes from Hispanics so he could win the presidency. † † (Carrera, 2011,) an arti cle online had a quote from columnist George Will saying that we are importing poverty from other countries.That is why poor people from other countries are coming to United States for the reason that the money they make here is a fortune compared to where they use to live. Illegal immigrants come to U. S. to make or ask for money example welfare, financial aid or any dream act benefits. We all are to benefit from The Dream Act for the reason that the economy will rise for everyone not just immigrants. The Dream Act is a common sense proposal that would benefit not just those who qualify for it but all Americans as these young people they can one day become leaders in our communities, churches, and Nation. â€Å"Five Moral Arguments Against The Dream Act†, Copyright  © Townhall. com. All Rights Reserved. ). Five moral arguments against The Dream Act were, The Dream Act fulfills the parents principle reason for breaking the law in the first place, The Dream Act would touch-o ff an even greater wave or illegal immigration, The Dream Act absolves illegal aliens of their fundamental responsibilities as parents, The absence of a reward or benefit is not the same as a punishment, and Adults have the obligation to do the right thing, even if their parents have done the wrong thing. (Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill. There will always be different points of views and opinions on any type of legislation especially when it comes to a controversial topic such as immigration. Pros and Cons to Immigration Reform. As with any debate there are pros and cons to this issue, and immigration reform is no different. According to â€Å"Procon. org† (n. d. ) website â€Å"The top ten areas that create a lot of debate are: Using the term â€Å"illegal alien†, Amnesty, Deportation, Mexican Border Fence, Civilian Border Patrols, Terrorist Threat, Economic Burden, Drivers licenses for Illegal Aliens, Using State and local Law Enforcement vs.National Only, and Border Milit arization. † Two of the areas that we will discuss are Amnesty and Deportation. Amnesty has been a sore spot for many Americans who feel that the undocumented immigrants would get a free pass to becoming citizens. Others feel that due to the volume of people that fit the category of undocumented immigrants, there should be a reform, and Amnesty is an option. On the PRO side of this debate, According to Thornburg (2007) â€Å"Whether you fine illegal aliens or stick them in English classes or make them say a hundred Hail Mary’s, at the end of the day, illegals would be allowed to stay and become citizens. â€Å"That's amnesty, and that's a good thing for America. Amnesty won't depress wages – globalization has already done that. Amnesty will not undermine the rule of law. It sounds counterintuitive, but with immigration, forgiving a crime may be the best way to restore law and order. † (Thornburg, 2007). Amnesty won't necessarily add to the social-services burden. Amnesty would offer millions a fighting chance at self-sufficiency and social mobility. † (Thornburg, 2007). On the CON side: â€Å"Do not grant amnesty to illegal aliens. Regardless of the penalties imposed, any program hat grants individuals who are unlawfully present the legal permission to remain here rewards illegal behavior and is unfair to those who obey the law and go through the regulatory and administrative requirements to enter the country legally. † (Heritage, 2007). â€Å"Those who enter the United States illegally should not be rewarded with permanent legal status or other such benefits, and they should be penalized in any road to citizenship. Those who enter and remain in the country illegally are violating the law, and condoning or encouraging such violations increases the likelihood of further illegal immigration. (Heritage, 2007).In regards to deportation we have heard many positions, especially during the Presidential debates. Governor Romne y wanted for illegal immigrants to â€Å"self deport† meaning make things so difficult for them that they have no choice but to go back to their country. Some of the views on the PRO side, According to (Guzzardi, 2007) â€Å"deporting aliens is as easy as one, two, and three. The next time you hear U. S. President George W. Bush or U. S. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff say how impossible immigration enforcement is, remember this simple formula: one, go to where you know aliens are; two, arrest them; three, deport them.Don’t bother asking where aliens hang out. † The better question is where they aren’t hanging out. Go to a bus stop, a taco truck, a convenience store, the post office or an auto repair shop. (Guzzardi, 2007). â€Å"No need to round them all up at once. Just arrest one or two every day at different locations around town and the message will soon get out. † (Guzzardi, 2007). On the side of CON: â€Å"I have listened to and understand the concerns of those who simply advocate sealing our borders and rounding up and deporting undocumented workers currently in residence here.But that's easier said than done. † (McCain, 2005). I have yet to hear a single proponent of this point of view offer one realistic proposal for locating, apprehending, and returning to their countries of origin over 11 million people. How do we do that? It would take 200,000 buses extending along a 1700 mile long line to deport 11 million people. That's assuming we had the resources to locate and apprehend all 11 million, or even half that number, which we don't have and, we all know, won't ever have. † (McCain, 2005).The country has been divided for decades, however with the new Immigration Reform initiatives that have unfolded over the past two weeks, it is apparent that President Obama, wants to make a decision on this issue. The politicians are coming together to put a plan together and do what is right for the country. The teams consensus believes in Immigration Reform and we want to see something passed where those that are in this situation, can remain in the United States legally, and that will not tear apart families. We believe we all have the right to a better future and that our country was founded on immigrants.In the pros and cons, the human factor is what persuaded us to be in favor of immigration reform. References Balanced Politics. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. balancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm Carrera, N. (2011, September 28). Con: DREAM Act. theroundupnews. com. Retrieved from http://theroundupnews. com/2011/09/28/con-dream-act/ Department of Homeland Security. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. dhs. gov/immigration- statistics Dream Act 2013. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. dreamact2009. org Five Moral Arguments Against the DREAM Act. (Copyright  © Townhall. com. All Rights Reserved. ).Retrieved from http://townhall. com/columnists/iramehlman/2011/07/01/ five_moral_arguments_against_the_dream_act/page/full Guzzardi, J. (2007). Procon. org. Retrieved from http://www. procon. org Heritage Foundation. (2007). Retrieved from http://www. heritage. org McCain, J. (2005). Procon. org. Retrieved from http://www. procon. org Policymic. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. policymic. com/articles/21399/immigration ProCon. org. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. procon. org Thornburgh, N. (2007). ProCon. org . Retrieved from http://www. procon. org US Immigration Reform. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. usaimmigrationreform. org Immigration Reform Immigration and Immigration Reform Haley Johnson Axia College of University of Phoenix Thesis Statement: More and more immigrants are coming in to the United States each year, and we as a nation should truly reevaluate our immigration policies. Immigration and Immigration Reform The number of illegal immigrants who come into the United States each year is staggering, and the numbers just keep on increasing. Three million illegal immigrants come into the United States every year. (Bush 2009) This has been an increasing problem, and one that greatly affects the United States and its citizens. More and more immigrants are coming in to the United States each year, and we as a nation should truly reevaluate our immigration policies. [pic] Immigration has been responsible for religious changes, cultural change and population growth throughout the history of the United States. The political, economic, and social aspects of immigration have created much controversy in regards to religion, ethnicity, job security, job growth, economic benefits, where people live, not to mention impact on upward social growth, amount of criminal activity, moral values, and work habits. As of 2006, the United States has allowed more illegal immigrants to become permanent residents, more than any other country in the world. (Bush 2009) Some of these reforms can be clearly seen in a study performed by The Center of Immigration Studies. For example in â€Å"1995 immigration costs us a net $29 billion a year. That was more than the combined budgets of the Departments of State, Justice and Interior. ) Those costs include areas such as education, health care, and welfare programs used by immigrants. That estimate would be much higher today, because the wave of illegal immigration has continued unchecked, and legal immigrant admission has continued to grow to a historically high level. † (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) [pic] Illegal immigrants have also placed a strain on our educational system, according to the center of immigration studies (2005), a study was performed in 2004 that stated that taxpayers were spending $28. 6 billion dollars in school and school related coast â€Å"each† year. Costs Table from the October 1996 Huddle Study | |Program (amounts in billion $s) |Legal |Illegal |Total | |Public Education K-12 |$14. 38 |$5. 85 |$20. 23 | |Public Higher Education |$5. 55 |$0. 71 |$6. 26 | |ESL and Bilingual Education |$2. 82 |$1. 22 |$4. 04 | |Food Stamps |$2. 81 |$0. 85 |$3. 6 | |AFDC |$2. 71 |$0. 50 |$3. 21 | |Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |$2. 76 |n/a |$2. 76 | |Housing |$2. 37 |$0. 61 |$2. 98 | |Social Security |$21. 92 |$3. 61 |$25. 53 | |Earned Income Tax Credit |$3. 69 |$0. 68 |$4. 37 | |Medicaid |$11. 3 |$3. 12 |$14. 55 | |Medicare A and B |$5. 49 |$0. 58 |$6. 07 | |Criminal Justice and Corrections |$2. 32 |$0. 76 |$3. 08 | |Local Government |$15. 32 |$5. 00 |$20. 32 | |Other Programs |$18. 41 |$9. 25 |$27. 66 | |Total Costs |$111. 98 |$32. 74 |$144. 0 | |Less Taxes Paid |$82. 38 |$12. 59 |$94. 97 | |Net Costs of Direct Services |$29. 60 |$20. 16 |$49. 76 | |Displacement Costs |$10. 96 |$4. 28 |$15. 24 | |All Net Costs |$40. 56 |$24. 44 |$65. 00 | |Percent of Net Costs |62. 4% |37. 6% |100% | Table By (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) This and other forms of abuse on the U. S have been the topic of much controversy on how this problem should be dealt with. There has been a multitude of different opinions on, how and what we should do at the border. What we should do with immigrants who are currently living in the United States; and how all of these illegal immigrants have impacted the economy of the United States. These are a few of the reforms that former President Bush had proposed so as to slow down the number of illegal immigrants that come into the United States each year. The return and removal of illegal immigrants from the United States is one of the most widely discussed topics. Since 2007the United States Customs and Border Protection (ICE) has returned or removed over 1. 2 million illegal immigrants from the United States. ICE has expanded its Criminal Alien Program to included incarcerated criminal illegal aliens. In 2007, ICE identified 164,296 convicted criminals who were incarcerated in Federal, state and local penitentiaries (These are people who came into the United States illegally and committed a crime. These people were sent back to their native counties once there prison term was completed. There has also been an increase of fugitive teams from 15 in 2005 to 75 in 2007. These â€Å"teams† are sole responsible for removing fugitive aliens from the United States then transporting them back to there native countries. (Bush 2009) Improving border security is another important factor in the Country’s continued efforts in protec ting our borders. More than 85% of apprehended illegal immigrants are from Mexico, most are immediately returned across the border within 24 hours. But there are â€Å"non –Mexican† immigrants that are apprehended and cannot be immediately retuned, those people are given a court date to return (75 percent of those people failed to appear), this is a direct result of there simply not being enough bed space available in the detention centers. Out of 160,000 non-Mexicans last year only 30,000 were, in fact, sent home. (Bush 2009) The United States also faces other immigration challenges, like what to do with illegal immigrants once they are already â€Å"in† the country. After all most of our agricultural farming is done by illegal immigrants. Former President Bush came up with some procedures to regulate the influx of immigrants coming into the United States to perform these labor intensive jobs. By establishing these new persuaders and regulations the agricultural community will still receive the labor it needs to run effectively, thereby reducing the cost and helping our economy prosper. DHS is working on regulations to streamline H-2B Program and to allow X amount of green cards to be given to illegal immigrants and migrant workers, that way they could be more easily tracked. That way the government can collect taxes from them, which will improve our economy, while still allowing the agricultural community to still use seasonal or day laborers. (Bush 2009) Then there is also the fact of illegal immigrants who are already currently in the country. What should be done with them? Former President Bush came up with some more ideas. He had devised a revised Naturalization exam that was completed in September of 2007 and worked to get a free web-based program so immigrant can learn English. This is being completed by the Education Department) Also he had arranged for the Office of Citizenship to provide knowledgeable volunteers to assist illegal immigrants through the citizenship and naturalization process, free of charge. (Bush 2009) Even though all these measures have been put into effect so as to slowdown the amount of illegal immigrants that come in each year though our borders, there are still THREE Million people entering the United States illegally each year. Bush 2009) In 1986 Congress decided to amend the Immigration and control act of 1952. Congress felt the immigration was getting â€Å"out of control† and there needed to be a change, about thirty to fifty percent of the growth in the U. S was due to illegal immigration. So Congress felt that the best way to deal with the problem was eliminate the incentive for people to come into the country illegally, to make it harder for employers to hire illegal’s and for them to receive government benefits. But this tactic seamed futile, since then illegal immigration has just grown. [pic] So what should be done, to lessen the flow of illegal into the United States? And who should be held accountable? President Barack Obama has stated that he wants to improve our immigration System. One of the ways is by giving citizenship to illegal immigrants who have children born in the United States so to allow families to remain together. In addition President Barack Obama plans to remove all incentives for people to cross the borders. President Barack Obama plans to do that by cracking down on employers that are â€Å"knowingly† hiring illegal immigrants. He also has plans to work with Mexico so as to improve their economic growth, there by reducing the need for people to cross the borders illegally, so as to obtain jobs needed to support themselves and there families. (Obama 2009) Times are changing, our county is facing a financial crisis where we can no longer stand by and allow our countries money and recourses to be used up by illegal immigrants. We have to protect our borders; I propose that we spend less money on government â€Å"Bail of money† and we put more money and our recourses into protecting our country. In turn this will help our economic growth, by placing less of a strain on our hospitals ($250 million each year) and our education expenses ($28. 6 billion dollars annually). The government should make it a rule at â€Å"every† undocumented persons receiving these types of benefits should be sent back to their county. Let they own country of origin have to deal with these billion dollar expenses. New Jersey is considered one of the states that have the highest growth in illegal immigration. Every day there illegal’s waiting on the corners to be picked up as day labors. Why dose INS not check more frequently and pick up these â€Å"know† illegal’s? Instead INS and the local police department’s turn a blind eye. INS should make random spot checks in know immigrant communities and business so as to lessen the amount of illegal immigrants that come into the United States. Besides there being an economic drain of the United States illegal immigrants can be a â€Å"security risk† to the U. S. All of the billions of dollars that are being given out to these fortune five hundred companies should be redirected towards our countries security and financial stability. Each year more illegal immigrants come into this country taking away our jobs, not allowing our dollar to circulate within the country, there by not permitting the money to circulate through the United States, as well as placing a finical drain on our country. We as the people of this fine country need to reevaluate what we plan to do about this increasing problem. Decide what can be done and put those thoughts into action. Remember there are THREE million illegal immigrants coming into this country each year (Bush 2009) and over $28 BILLION dollars going towards illegal immigrants, education, medical expenses, and government programs. (The center of Immigration Studies 2005) References Page The White House  (2009) Website has many intrusting new policies about immigration reform. White House. (2009). Immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http://www. whitehouse. gov The Website Barack Obama (2009) lays out what Barack Obama will do once he pronounced president. Obama, B, (2009). Plan for immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http://www. barackobama. com Federation for American immigration reform (January 2009) provides statistical and legal issues regarding immigration in the U. S (2009) Immigration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 http://www. fairus. org/site/PageServer? pagename=research_research9605 NA. (2006, June) â€Å"Economy factors into immigration debate. †Ã‚  American City & County  121. 6  . Retrieved May 11, 2009 from General OneFile. Database Rytine, N. (2002, October) â€Å"Effects of Immigration Reform and Control Act legalization through 2001. † , â€Å"Exhibit 1-IRCA Legalization: Temporary Residence, Permanent Residence, and Naturalization through 2001,† in IRCA Legalization Effects: Lawful Permanent Residence and Naturalization through 2001, U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved May 11, 2009 Gale Virtual Reference Library Byram, J. (2004, March) â€Å"Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. †Ã‚  Major Acts of Congress. Ed. Brian K. Landsberg. Vol. 2. New York:  Macmillan Reference USA,   2004. 2  pp. 3  vols. Retrieved May 11, 2009 Gale Virtual Reference Library Immigration and Immigration Reform 11 References Page Holland, H. (2008, November)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Government contractors hiring undocumented workers: national security implications and solutions. †Ã‚  Public Contract Law Journal  36. 2  (Wntr 2007):  263(14). Retrieved May 11, 2009 from  General OneFile Database Fennelly,K. (2007, February)†U. S. immigration: a historical perspective. †National Voter 56. 2:4(4) Retrieved May 11, 2009 from General OneFile Database